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• Journal article
  Schwartz SJ, Sibeck D, Wilber M, Meziane K, Horbury TSet al., 2006,
  , \grl, Vol: 33, Pages: L12103-L12103
  • Cite
• Journal article
  Cargill PJ, Klimchuk JA, 2006,
  , ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, Vol: 643, Pages: 438-443, ISSN: 0004-637X
  • Cite
  • Citations: 15
• Journal article
  Ma Y, Nagy AF, Cravens TE, Sokolov IV, Hansen KC, Wahlund J-E, Crary FJ, Coates AJ, Dougherty MKet al., 2006,
  , JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS, Vol: 111, ISSN: 2169-9380
  • Cite
  • Citations: 99
• Journal article
  Sonnerup BUO, Haaland S, Paschmann G, Dunlop MW, Reme H, Balogh Aet al., 2006,
  , JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS, Vol: 111, ISSN: 2169-9380
  • Cite
  • Citations: 43
• Journal article
  Giampieri G, Dougherty MK, Smith EJ, Russell CTet al., 2006,
  , NATURE, Vol: 441, Pages: 62-64, ISSN: 0028-0836
  • Cite
  • Citations: 102
• Journal article
  Czaja A, Marshall J, 2006,
  , JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, Vol: 63, Pages: 1498-1511, ISSN: 0022-4928
  • Cite
  • Citations: 96
• Journal article
  Duan S-P, Liu Z-X, Cao J-B, Shi J-K, Lu L, Li Z-Y, Zong QG, Reme H, Cornilleau-Wehrlin N, Balogh A, Andre Met al., 2006,

  Analysis of the interaction between low-frequency waves and ions in the high-altitude cusp region observed by satellite cluster

  , CHINESE PHYSICS LETTERS, Vol: 23, Pages: 1351-1354, ISSN: 0256-307X
  • Cite
  • Citations: 6
• Journal article
  Lavraud B, Thomsen MF, Lefebvre B, Schwartz SJ, Seki K, Phan TD, Wang YL, Fazakerley A, Rème H, Balogh Aet al., 2006,
  , Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics), Vol: 111, Pages: A05211-A05211
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• Journal article
  Shi QQ, Shen C, Dunlop MW, Pu ZY, Zong QG, Liu ZX, Lucek E, Balogh Aet al., 2006,
  , GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, Vol: 33, ISSN: 0094-8276
  • Cite
  • Citations: 125
• Journal article
  Cravens TE, Robertson IP, Waite JH, Yelle RV, Kasprzak WT, Keller CN, Ledvina SA, Niemann HB, Luhmann JG, McNutt RL, Ip WH, De La Haye V, Mueller-Wodarg I, Wahlund JE, Anicich VG, Vuitton Vet al., 2006,
  , GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, Vol: 33, ISSN: 0094-8276
  • Cite
  • Citations: 195
• Journal article
  Cao JB, Ma YD, Parks G, Reme H, Dandouras I, Nakamura R, Zhang TL, Zong Q, Lucek E, Carr CM, Liu ZX, Zhou GCet al., 2006,
  , JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS, Vol: 111, ISSN: 2169-9380
  • Cite
  • Citations: 213
• Journal article
  Cowley SWH, Wright DM, Bunce EJ, Carter AC, Dougherty MK, Giampieri G, Nichols JD, Robinson TRet al., 2006,
  , GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, Vol: 33, ISSN: 0094-8276
  • Cite
  • Citations: 72
• Journal article
  Turkmani R, Cargill PJ, Galsgaard K, Vlahos L, Isliker Het al., 2006,
  , ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, Vol: 449, Pages: 749-757, ISSN: 0004-6361
  • Cite
  • Citations: 64
• Journal article
  Haigh JD, Blackburn M, 2006,

  Solar influences on dynamical coupling between the stratosphere and troposphere

  , SPACE SCI REV, Vol: 125, Pages: 331-344

  We use a simplified atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) to investigate the response of the lower atmosphere to thermal perturbations in the lower stratosphere. The results show that generic heating of the lower stratosphere tends to weaken the sub-tropical jets and the tropospheric mean meridional circulations. The positions of the jets, and the extent of the Hadley cells, respond to the distribution of the stratospheric heating, with low latitude heating displacing them poleward, and uniform heating displacing them equatorward. The patterns of response to the low latitude heating are similar to those found to be associated with solar variability in previous observational data analysis, and to the effects of varying solar UV radiation in sophisticated AGCMs. In order to investigate the chain of causality involved in converting the stratospheric thermal forcing to a tropospheric climate signal we conduct an experiment which uses an ensemble of model spin-ups to analyse the time development of the response to an applied stratospheric perturbation. We find that the initial effect of the change in static stability at the tropopause is to reduce the eddy momentum flux convergence in this region. This is followed by a vertical transfer of the momentum forcing anomaly by an anomalous mean circulation to the surface, where it is partly balanced by surface stress anomalies. The unbalanced part drives the evolution of the vertically integrated zonal flow. We conclude that solar heating of the stratosphere may produce changes in the circulation of the troposphere even without any direct forcing below the tropopause. We suggest that the impact of the stratospheric changes on wave propagation is key to the mechanisms involved.

  • Abstract
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• Journal article
  Haigh JD, Blackburn M, 2006,

  Solar influences on dynamical coupling between the stratosphere and troposphere

  , SPACE SCI REV, Vol: 125, Pages: 331-344

  We use a simplified atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) to investigate the response of the lower atmosphere to thermal perturbations in the lower stratosphere. The results show that generic heating of the lower stratosphere tends to weaken the sub-tropical jets and the tropospheric mean meridional circulations. The positions of the jets, and the extent of the Hadley cells, respond to the distribution of the stratospheric heating, with low latitude heating displacing them poleward, and uniform heating displacing them equatorward. The patterns of response to the low latitude heating are similar to those found to be associated with solar variability in previous observational data analysis, and to the effects of varying solar UV radiation in sophisticated AGCMs. In order to investigate the chain of causality involved in converting the stratospheric thermal forcing to a tropospheric climate signal we conduct an experiment which uses an ensemble of model spin-ups to analyse the time development of the response to an applied stratospheric perturbation. We find that the initial effect of the change in static stability at the tropopause is to reduce the eddy momentum flux convergence in this region. This is followed by a vertical transfer of the momentum forcing anomaly by an anomalous mean circulation to the surface, where it is partly balanced by surface stress anomalies. The unbalanced part drives the evolution of the vertically integrated zonal flow. We conclude that solar heating of the stratosphere may produce changes in the circulation of the troposphere even without any direct forcing below the tropopause. We suggest that the impact of the stratospheric changes on wave propagation is key to the mechanisms involved.

  • Abstract
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• Journal article
  Williams JD, Chen LJ, Kurth WS, Gurnett DA, Dougherty MKet al., 2006,
  , GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, Vol: 33, ISSN: 0094-8276
  • Cite
  • Citations: 46
• Journal article
  Dougherty MK, Khurana KK, Neubauer FM, Russell CT, Saur J, Leisner JS, Burton MEet al., 2006,
  , SCIENCE, Vol: 311, Pages: 1406-1409, ISSN: 0036-8075
  • Cite
  • Citations: 343
• Journal article
  Jones GH, Roussos E, Krupp N, Paranicas C, Woch J, Lagg A, Mitchell DG, Krimigis SM, Dougherty MKet al., 2006,
  , SCIENCE, Vol: 311, Pages: 1412-1415, ISSN: 0036-8075
  • Cite
  • Citations: 57
• Journal article
  Thompson SM, Kivelson MG, El-Alaoui M, Balogh A, Réme H, Kistler LMet al., 2006,
  , JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS, Vol: 111, ISSN: 2169-9380
  • Cite
  • Citations: 24
• Journal article
  Achilleos N, Bertucci C, Russell CT, Hospodarsky GB, Rymer AM, Arridge CS, Burton ME, Dougherty MK, Hendricks S, Smith EJ, Tsurutani BTet al., 2006,
  , JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS, Vol: 111, ISSN: 2169-9380
  • Cite
  • Citations: 47
• Journal article
  Ren ZP, Lu L, Lei JG, Li ZY, Liu ZX, Balogh A, Rème Het al., 2006,

  Movement of the magnetic structure in the plasma sheet observed by Cluster II

  , CHINESE JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICS-CHINESE EDITION, Vol: 49, Pages: 315-320, ISSN: 0001-5733
  • Cite
• Journal article
  Forsyth RJ, Bothmer V, Cid C, Crooker NU, Horbury TS, Kecskemety K, Klecker B, Linker JA, Odstrcil D, Reiner MJ, Richardson IG, Rodriguez-Pacheco J, Schmidt JM, Wimmer-Schweingruber RFet al., 2006,
  , SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS, Vol: 123, Pages: 383-416, ISSN: 0038-6308
  • Cite
  • Citations: 76
• Journal article
  Wimmer-Schweingruber RF, Crooker NU, Balogh A, Bothmer V, Forsyth RJ, Gazis P, Gosling JT, Horbury T, Kilchenmann A, Richardson IG, Richardson JD, Riley P, Rodriguez L, Von Steiger R, Wurz P, Zurbuchen THet al., 2006,
  , SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS, Vol: 123, Pages: 177-216, ISSN: 0038-6308
  • Cite
  • Citations: 109
• Journal article
  Gazis PR, Balogh A, Dalla S, Decker R, Heber B, Horbury T, Kilchenmann A, Kota J, Kucharek H, Kunow H, Lario D, Potgieter MS, Richardson JD, Riley P, Rodriguez L, Siscoe G, Von Steiger Ret al., 2006,
  , SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS, Vol: 123, Pages: 417-451, ISSN: 0038-6308
  • Cite
  • Citations: 10
• Journal article
  Crooker NU, Horbury TS, 2006,
  , SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS, Vol: 123, Pages: 93-109, ISSN: 0038-6308
  • Cite
  • Citations: 32
• Journal article
  Sahraoui F, Belmont G, Rezeau L, Cornilleau-Wehrlin N, Pinçon JL, Balogh Aet al., 2006,
  , PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, Vol: 96, ISSN: 0031-9007
  • Cite
  • Citations: 195
• Journal article
  Saur J, Mauk BH, Mitchell DG, Krupp N, Khurana KK, Livi S, Krimigis M, Newell PT, Williams DJ, Brandt PC, Lagg A, Roussos E, Dougherty MKet al., 2006,
  , NATURE, Vol: 439, Pages: 699-702, ISSN: 0028-0836
  • Cite
  • Citations: 42
• Journal article
  Yoshino K, Thorne AP, Murray JE, Cheung ASC, Wong AL, Imajo Tet al., 2006,
  , JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS, Vol: 124, ISSN: 0021-9606
  • Cite
  • Citations: 14
• Journal article
  Phan TD, Gosling JT, Davis MS, Skoug RM, Oieroset M, Lin RP, Lepping RP, McComas DJ, Smith CW, Reme H, Balogh Aet al., 2006,
  , NATURE, Vol: 439, Pages: 175-178, ISSN: 0028-0836
  • Cite
  • Citations: 277
• Conference paper
  Dunlop MW, Taylor MGGT, Davies JA, Pu Z, Fazakerley AN, Owen CJ, Bogdanova YV, Pitout F, Laakso H, Zong QG, Shen C, Nykyri K, Lavraud B, Milan SE, Liu ZX, Escoubet CP, Rème H, Carr CM, Phan TD, Lockwood M, Sonnerup Bet al., 2006,

  Comparative Cluster/Double Star observations of the high and low latitude dayside magnetopause

  , Pages: 393-400, ISSN: 0379-6566

  The launch of the Double Star mission has provided the opportunity to monitor events at distinct locations on the dayside magnetopause, in coordination with the quartet of Cluster spacecraft. We present results of two such coordinated studies. In the first, 6 April 2004, both Cluster and the Double Star TC-1 spacecraft were on outbound transits through the dawn-side magnetosphere. Cluster observed northward moving FTEs with +/- polarity, whereas TC-1 saw -/+ polarity FTEs. The strength, motion and occurrence of the FTE signatures changes somewhat according to changes in IMF clock angle. These observations are consistent with ongoing reconnection on the dayside magnetopause, resulting in a series of flux transfer events (FTEs) seen both at Cluster and TC-1. The observed polarity and motion of each FTE signature advocates the existence of an active reconnection region consistently located between the positions of Cluster and TC-1, lying north and south of the reconnection line, respectively. This scenario is supported by the application of a model, designed to track flux tube motion, to conditions appropriate for the prevailing interplanetary conditions. The results from the model confirm the observational evidence that the low-latitude FTE dynamics is sensitive to changes in convected upstream conditions. In particular, changing the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) clock angle in the model predicts that TC-1 should miss the resulting FTEs more often than Cluster, as is observed. For the second conjunction, on the 4 Jan 2005, the Cluster and TC-1 spacecraft all exited the dusk-side magnetosphere almost simultaneously, with TC-1 lying almost equatorial and Cluster at northern latitudes at about 4 R<inf>E</inf> from TC-1. The spacecraft traverse the magnetopause during a strong reversal in the IMF from northward to southward and a number of magnetosheath FTE signatures are subsequently observed. One coordinated FTE, studied in detail by Pu et al, [this is

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