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Journal articleLee D, Min S-K, Ahn J-B, et al., 2023, , ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS, Vol: 18, ISSN: 1748-9326
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Journal articleDavis N, Chandran BDG, Bowen TA, et al., 2023, , ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, Vol: 950, ISSN: 0004-637X
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- Citations: 22
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Journal articlede Moortel I, Eastwood J, Bridges J, et al., 2023, , Astronomy and Geophysics, Vol: 64, Pages: 3.34-3.38, ISSN: 0035-8738
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Journal articleBaker D, Demoulin P, Yardley SL, et al., 2023, , ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, Vol: 950, ISSN: 0004-637X
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- Citations: 21
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Journal articleMozer F, Bale S, Kellogg P, et al., 2023, , PHYSICS OF PLASMAS, Vol: 30, ISSN: 1070-664X
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- Citations: 10
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Journal articleStjern CW, Forster PM, Jia H, et al., 2023, , JOURNAL OF CLIMATE, Vol: 36, Pages: 3537-3551, ISSN: 0894-8755
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- Citations: 14
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Journal articleFargette N, Lavraud B, Rouillard AP, et al., 2023, , Astronomy and Astrophysics: a European journal, Vol: 674, Pages: 1-15, ISSN: 0004-6361
Context. Magnetic reconnection is a fundamental process in astrophysical plasmas that enables the dissipation of magnetic energy at kinetic scales. Detecting this process in situ is therefore key to furthering our understanding of energy conversion in space plasmas. However, reconnection jets typically scale from seconds to minutes in situ, and as such, finding them in the decades of data provided by solar wind missions since the beginning of the space era is an onerous task.Aims. In this work, we present a new approach for automatically identifying reconnection exhausts in situ in the solar wind. We apply the algorithm to Solar Orbiter data obtained while the spacecraft was positioned at between 0.6 and 0.8 AU and perform a statistical study on the jets we detect.Methods. The method for automatic detection is inspired by the visual identification process and strongly relies on the Walén relation. It is enhanced through the use of Bayesian inference and physical considerations to detect reconnection jets with a consistent approach.Results. Applying the detection algorithm to one month of Solar Orbiter data near 0.7 AU, we find an occurrence rate of seven jets per day, which is significantly higher than in previous studies performed at 1 AU. We show that they tend to cluster in the solar wind and are less likely to occur in the tenuous solar wind (< 10 cm−3 near 0.7 AU). We discuss why the source and the degree of Alfvénicity of the solar wind might have an impact on magnetic reconnection occurrence.Conclusions. By providing a tool to quickly identify potential magnetic reconnection exhausts in situ, we pave the way for broader statistical studies on magnetic reconnection in diverse plasma environments.
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Journal articleConcepcion F, Clear CP, Ding M, et al., 2023, , EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL D, Vol: 77, ISSN: 1434-6060
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- Citations: 1
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Journal articleLiu M, Issautier K, Moncuquet M, et al., 2023, , ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, Vol: 674, ISSN: 0004-6361
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- Citations: 14
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Journal articleZhong C, Cheng S, Kasoar M, et al., 2023, , NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES, Vol: 23, Pages: 1755-1768, ISSN: 1561-8633
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- Citations: 38
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Journal articleBurne S, Bertucci C, Sergis N, et al., 2023, , ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, Vol: 948, ISSN: 0004-637X
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- Citations: 3
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Journal articleNair V, Devenish B, van Reeuwijk M, 2023, , FLOW TURBULENCE AND COMBUSTION, Vol: 110, Pages: 889-915, ISSN: 1386-6184
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- Citations: 2
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Journal articleRodenkirchen C, Ackerman AK, Mignanelli PM, et al., 2023, , METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE, Vol: 54, Pages: 1902-1923, ISSN: 1073-5623
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- Citations: 8
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Journal articleMadanian H, Omidi N, Sibeck DG, et al., 2023, , GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, Vol: 50, ISSN: 0094-8276
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- Citations: 8
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Journal articleCael BB, Bloch-Johnson J, Ceppi P, et al., 2023, , Science Advances, Vol: 9
<jats:p> The climate feedback determines how Earth’s climate responds to anthropogenic forcing. It is thought to have been more negative in recent decades due to a sea surface temperature “pattern effect,” whereby warming is concentrated in the western tropical Pacific, where nonlocal radiative feedbacks are very negative. This phenomenon has however primarily been studied within climate models. We diagnose a pattern effect from historical records as an evolution of the climate feedback over the past five decades. Our analysis assumes a constant rate of change of the climate feedback, which is justified post hoc. We find a decrease in climate feedback by 0.8 ± 0.5 W m <jats:sup>−2</jats:sup> K <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> over the past 50 years, corresponding to a reduction in climate sensitivity. Earth system models’ climate feedbacks instead increase over this period. Understanding and simulating this historical trend and its future evolution are critical for reliable climate projections. </jats:p>
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Journal articleJensen EA, Gopalswamy N, Wilson LB, et al., 2023, , FRONTIERS IN ASTRONOMY AND SPACE SCIENCES, Vol: 10, ISSN: 2296-987X
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- Citations: 6
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Journal articleFroment C, Agapitov OV, Krasnoselskikh V, et al., 2023, , ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, Vol: 672, ISSN: 0004-6361
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- Citations: 13
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Journal articleGryspeerdt E, Povey AC, Grainger RG, et al., 2023, , Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol: 23, Pages: 4115-4122, ISSN: 1680-7316
Atmospheric aerosols and their impact on cloud properties remain the largest uncertainty in the human forcing of theclimate system. By increasing the concentration of cloud droplets (Nd ), aerosols reduce droplet size and increase the reflectivity of clouds (a negative radiative forcing). Central to this climate impact is the susceptibility of cloud droplet number to aerosol (β ), the diversity of which explains much of the variation in the radiative forcing from aerosol-cloud interactions (RFaci) in global climate models. This has made measuring β a key target for developing observational constraints of the aerosol forcing. While the aerosol burden of the clean, pre-industrial atmosphere has been demonstrated as a key uncertainty for the aerosol forcing, here we show that the behaviour of clouds under these clean conditions is of equal importance for understanding the spread in radiative forcing estimates between models and observations. This means that the uncertainty in the aerosol impact on clouds is, counterintuitively, driven by situations with little aerosol. Discarding clean conditions produces a close agreement between different model and observational estimates of the cloud response to aerosol, but does not provide a strong constraint on the RFaci. This makes constraining aerosol behaviour in clean conditions an important goal for future observational studies.
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Journal articleSafrankova J, Nemecek Z, Nemec F, et al., 2023, , ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS, Vol: 946, ISSN: 2041-8205
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- Citations: 10
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Journal articleHuang J, Kasper JC, Larson DE, et al., 2023, , ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES, Vol: 265, ISSN: 0067-0049
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- Citations: 12
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Journal articleKarbashewski S, Agapitov OV, Kim HY, et al., 2023, , ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, Vol: 947, ISSN: 0004-637X
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- Citations: 14
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Journal articleBadman ST, Riley P, Jones SI, et al., 2023, , JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS, Vol: 128, ISSN: 2169-9380
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- Citations: 32
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Journal articleSeo H, Oneill LW, Bourassa MA, et al., 2023, , JOURNAL OF CLIMATE, Vol: 36, Pages: 1981-2013, ISSN: 0894-8755
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- Citations: 114
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Journal articleShuster JR, Gershman DJ, Giles BL, et al., 2023, , JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS, Vol: 128, ISSN: 2169-9380
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Journal articleWells C, Kasoar M, Bellouin N, et al., 2023, , Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol: 23, Pages: 3575-3593, ISSN: 1680-7316
The potential future trend in African aerosol emissions is uncertain, with a large range found in future scenarios used to drive climate projections. The future climate impact of these emissions is therefore uncertain. Using the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) scenarios, transient future experiments were performed with the UK Earth System Model (UKESM1) to investigate the effect of African emissions following the high emission SSP370 scenario as the rest of the world follows the more sustainable SSP119, relative to a global SSP119 control. This isolates the effect of Africa following a relatively more polluted future emissions pathway. Compared to SSP119, SSP370 projects higher non-biomass-burning (non-BB) aerosol emissions, but lower biomass burning emissions, over Africa. Increased shortwave (SW) absorption by black carbon aerosol leads to a global warming, but the reduction in the local incident surface radiation close to the emissions is larger, causing a local cooling effect. The local cooling persists even when including the higher African CO2 emissions under SSP370 than SSP119. The global warming is significantly higher by 0.07 K when including the non-BB aerosol increases and higher still (0.22 K) when including all aerosols and CO2. Precipitation also exhibits complex changes. Northward shifts in the Inter-tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) occur under relatively warm Northern Hemisphere land, and local rainfall is enhanced due to mid-tropospheric instability from black carbon absorption. These results highlight the importance of future African aerosol emissions for regional and global climate and the spatial complexity of this climate influence.
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Journal articleDandouras I, Taylor MGGT, De Keyser J, et al., 2023, , Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences, Vol: 10, Pages: 1-30, ISSN: 2296-987X
The Lunar Orbital Platform - Gateway (LOP - Gateway, or simply Gateway) is a crewed platform that will be assembled and operated in the vicinity of the Moon by NASA and international partner organizations, including ESA, starting from the mid-2020s. It will offer new opportunities for fundamental and applied scientific research. The Moon is a unique location to study the deep space plasma environment. Moreover, the lunar surface and the surface-bounded exosphere are interacting with this environment, constituting a complex multi-scale interacting system. This paper examines the opportunities provided by externally mounted payloads on the Gateway in the field of space plasma physics, heliophysics and space weather, and also examines the impact of the space environment on an inhabited platform in the vicinity of the Moon. It then presents the conceptual design of a model payload, required to perform these space plasma measurements and observations. It results that the Gateway is very well-suited for space plasma physics research. It allows a series of scientific objectives with a multi-disciplinary dimension to be addressed.
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Journal articleLai T-K, Toumi R, 2023, , Geophysical Research Letters, Vol: 50, Pages: 1-9, ISSN: 0094-8276
Many aspects of tropical cyclone (TC) properties at the surface have been changing but any systematic vertical changes are unknown. Here, we document a recent trend of high thick clouds of TCs. The global inner-core high thick cloud fraction measured by satellite has decreased from 2002 to 2021 by about 10% per decade. The TC inner-core surface rain rate is also found to have decreased during the same period by a similar percentage. This suppression of high thick clouds and rain has been largest during the intensification phase of the strongest TCs. Hence, these two independent and consistent observations suggest that the TC inner-core convection has weakened and that TCs have become shallower recently at least. For this period, the lifetime maximum intensity of major TCs has not changed and this suggests an increased efficiency of the spin-up of TCs.
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Journal articleBassett N, Rapetti D, Nhan BD, et al., 2023, , ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, Vol: 945, ISSN: 0004-637X
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- Citations: 2
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Journal articleMorris J, Schofield J, Bull C, et al., 2023, , Measurement Science and Technology, Vol: 34, Pages: 034003-034003, ISSN: 0957-0233
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>During the initial stages of the COVID-19 pandemic a major concern was the shortage of ventilators. Engineering initiatives were started to mitigate this concern. This article details the response at the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) to this potential shortage. The technologies and product development behind NPL’s PocketVent ventilator, by a team working remotely amidst a crisis, are explored. Underpinning the product was the creation of a traceable test facility, that allowed the initial three prototype devices to be narrowed to one. PocketVent was created within five months and offers pressure and volume controlled ventilation, with a clear road-map to implement constant-pressure mode, alongside a comprehensive documentation pack. The team were recipients of the Royal Academy of Engineering’s President’s Special Award for Pandemic Service.</jats:p>
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Journal articleRaouafi NE, Stenborg G, Seaton DB, et al., 2023, , ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, Vol: 945, ISSN: 0004-637X
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- Citations: 103
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