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• Journal article
  Prinold JAI, Masjedi M, Johnson GR, Bull AMJet al., 2013,
  , PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART H-JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE, Vol: 227, Pages: 1041-1057, ISSN: 0954-4119
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  • Citations: 32
• Journal article
  Borhani M, McGregor AH, Bull AMJ, 2013,
  , Gait and Posture, Vol: 38, Pages: 1032-1037, ISSN: 0966-6362

  Multiple marker sets and models are currently available for assessing pelvic kinematics in gait. Despite the presence of a variety models, there are still debates on their reliability and consistency, and consequently there is no clearly defined standard. Two marker sets were evaluated in this study: the ‘Traditional’ where markers are placed at the anterior and posterior superior iliac spines (ASISs, PSISs); and the ‘Cluster’, where a cluster of three orthogonal markers fixed on a rigid based is attached to the sacrum. The two sets were compared with respect to intra and inter session standard deviations of maximum pelvic tilt, obliquity and rotation angles. The repeatability between and within sessions was measured using coefficient of multiple correlation (CMC). Also the similarity between the two sets was assessed using inter-protocol CMC (ipCMC). Both data sets generated showed high within and between session repeatability in the sagittal plane (CMC > 0.80), although the Cluster method showed higher repeatability than that of the Traditional method in non-sagittal plane motion for both within and between sessions. The authors are not aware of other studies reporting the differences in intra and inter session variability and repeatability values for different body mass index categories such as overweight and obese subjects with relatively large sample size. Hence the Cluster method overcomes a number of theoretical and experimental limitations such as minimising the marker occlusion and is a reliable alternative to the Traditional (the standard) marker set.

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• Journal article
  Masouros SD, Newell N, Ramasamy A, Bonner TJ, West ATH, Hill AM, Clasper JC, Bull AMJet al., 2013,
  , ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING, Vol: 41, Pages: 1957-1967, ISSN: 0090-6964
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  • Citations: 11
• Journal article
  Singleton JAG, Gibb IE, Hunt NCA, Bull AMJ, Clasper JCet al., 2013,
  , BMJ Open, Vol: 3, ISSN: 2044-6055

  Objectives To identify potentially fatal injury patterns in explosive blast fatalities in order to focus research and mitigation strategies, to further improve survival rates from blast trauma.Design Retrospective cohort study.Participants UK military personnel killed by improvised explosive device (IED) blasts in Afghanistan, November 2007–August 2010.Setting UK military deployment, through NATO, in support of the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) mission in Afghanistan.Data sources UK military postmortem CT records, UK Joint Theatre Trauma Registry and associated incident data.Main outcome measures Potentially fatal injuries attributable to IEDs.Results We identified 121 cases, 42 mounted (in-vehicle) and 79 dismounted (on foot), at a point of wounding. There were 354 potentially fatal injuries in total. Leading causes of death were traumatic brain injury (50%, 62/124 fatal injuries), followed by intracavity haemorrhage (20.2%, 25/124) in the mounted group, and extremity haemorrhage (42.6%, 98/230 fatal injuries), junctional haemorrhage (22.2%, 51/230 fatal injuries) and traumatic brain injury (18.7%, 43/230 fatal injuries) in the dismounted group.Conclusions Head trauma severity in both mounted and dismounted IED fatalities indicated prevention and mitigation as the most effective strategies to decrease resultant mortality. Two-thirds of dismounted fatalities had haemorrhage implicated as a cause of death that may have been anatomically amenable to prehospital intervention. One-fifth of the mounted fatalities had haemorrhagic trauma which currently could only be addressed surgically. Maintaining the drive to improve all haemostatic techniques for blast casualties, from point of wounding to definitive surgical proximal vascular control, alongside the development and application of novel haemostatic interventions could yield a significant survival benefit. Prospective studies in this field are indicated.

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• Journal article
  Singleton JAG, Gibb IE, Bull AMJ, Mahoney PF, Clasper JCet al., 2013,
  , JOURNAL OF TRAUMA AND ACUTE CARE SURGERY, Vol: 75, Pages: S269-S274, ISSN: 2163-0755
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  • Citations: 24
• Journal article
  Alam M, Bull AMJ, Thomas RD, Amis AAet al., 2013,
  , AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE, Vol: 41, Pages: 87-94, ISSN: 0363-5465
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  • Citations: 16
• Journal article
  Stoddard JE, Deehan DJ, Bull AMJ, McCaskie AW, Amis AAet al., 2013,
  , JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH, Vol: 31, Pages: 53-58, ISSN: 0736-0266
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  • Citations: 76
• Journal article
  Alexander S, Southgate DFL, Bull AMJ, Wallace ALet al., 2013,
  , JOURNAL OF SHOULDER AND ELBOW SURGERY, Vol: 22, Pages: 94-101, ISSN: 1058-2746
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  • Citations: 31
• Journal article
  Howitt P, Darzi A, Yang G-Z, Ashrafian H, Atun R, Barlow J, Blakemore A, Bull AMJ, Car J, Conteh L, Cooke GS, Ford N, Gregson SAJ, Kerr K, King D, Kulendran M, Malkin RA, Majeed A, Matlin S, Merrifield R, Penfold HA, Reid SD, Smith PC, Stevens MM, Templeton MR, Vincent C, Wilson Eet al., 2012,
  , The Lancet, Vol: 380, Pages: 507-535, ISSN: 0140-6736
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• Journal article
  Clarke SG, Phillips ATM, Bull AMJ, Cobb JPet al., 2012,
  , Journal of Biomechanics, Vol: 45, Pages: 1698-1704
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