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In this section

Origins

Exploring how resistance emerges, including through antibiotic misuse, environmental selection, and resistance mechanisms.

Close up of antibiotic medication in packaging

Antibiotic consumption and misuse

Understanding how use of antimicrobials in hospitals, community care and in agriculture impact emergence of resistance

Environmental selection

Investigating environmental drivers of drug resistance

E coli bacteria

Resistance to host defences

Bacteria face the twin threats of antibiotics & the host immune system. Resistance to one sometimes confers resistance to the other.

artistic image of DNA

Mutations and other genetic changes

Understanding the genetic changes that confer resistance to antibiotics and their molecular and clinical impact

Explore more AMR research (back to AMR home), including transmission, infection, and solutions.